OB/PEDS Final Exam Review/Latest 2022/ Q&A/ With Elaborations

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Male & Female Condoms (ANS- A male condom is a latex rubber or synthetic sheath that is placed over the erect penis before coitus to trap the sperm. A female condoms are sheaths made of latex or polyu... rethane, pre-lubricated with a spermicide so, the same as male condoms they offer protection against conception as well as STI's and HIV. Not good if allergic to latex! Diaphragm (ANS- This is a dome shaped up with a flexible rim made of latex or silicone that fits snug over the cervix with spermicidal cream or gel placed into the dome and around the rim. Requires reapplication with spermicidal gel, cream, or foam with each act of coitus to be effective. *Diaphragms should remain in place for at least 6 hours after coitus* NOTE: Requires re-fitting after pregnancy and weight changes. If left in longer than 24 hours, can lead to toxic shock syndrome. What is Nagele's Rule? (ANS- Minus 3 months and add 7 days. For example: last menstrual period began may 15, the predicted date of birth would be february 22. What are the hormone functions of the placenta: Estrogen (ANS- Estrogen is produced as a second product of the syncytial cells of the placenta. Estrogen contributes to the woman's mammary gland development in preparation for lactation and stimulates uterine growth to accommodate the developing fetus. What are the hormone functions of the placenta: Progesterone (ANS- Estrogen is often referred to as the hormone of women and progesterone as the hormone of mothers. Although estrogen influences a female appearance, progesterone is necessary to maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus during pregnancy. What are the hormone functions of the placenta: HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) (ANS- The first placental hormone produced, hCG, can be found in maternal blood and urine as early as the first missed menstrual period (shortly after implantation has occurred). hCG's purpose is to act as a failsafe measure to ensure the corpus luteum of the ovary continues to produce progesterone and estrogen so the endometrium of the uterus is maintained. What is an Amniocentesis and why is it performed? (ANS- The aspiration of amniotic fluid from the pregnant uterus for examination. Typically scheduled the 14th & 16th weeks of pregnancy. *Looking for lung maturity* What are the different probable pregnancy signs? (ANS- (Objective and verified by examiner) Chadwick's Sign: Deepened violet bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa Goodell's Sign: softening of the cervical tip Hegar's Sign: Softening and compressibility of lower uterus What are the different Presumptive Pregnancy Signs? (ANS- (Experienced by woman/what she says) EX: amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea & vomiting, urinary frequency, breast changes, quickening, and uterine enlargement. What are the different Positive Pregnancy Signs? (ANS- (Signs that can be explained only by pregnancy. Only 3 documented) 1. Demonstration of a fetal heart separate from the mother 2. Fetal movements felt by examiner [Show More]

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