Community Exam 1 2021 (ATI + slides). Elaborative questions and answers

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Community-Oriented VS. Community-Based - Community-Oriented: Focus is on "health care" of individuals, families, and groups in community Community-Based: Manage acute and chronic conditions/Focus i... s on "illness care" of individuals and families across the life span (usually one-on-one) What is Public Health? - - A scientific discipline that includes the study of epidemiology, statistics, and assessment - ensure that conditions exist in which people can be healthy What are the benefits of public health? - - Increased life expectancy - Decreased deaths from strokes, cancer, heart disease, etc 3 public health core functions - 1. Assessment- Systematic data collection on the population 2. Policy Development- develop policies that support the health of the population 3. Assurance- Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available The primary focus that has differentiated public health nursing from other specialties - the emphasis on the population rather than on single individuals or families The DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHN AND OTHER FORMS OF NURSING - - In public health nursing, the nurse often reaches out to those who might benefit from a service or intervention - In other forms of nursing, the client is more likely to seek out and request assistance Primary goal of Public Health - the prevention of disease and disability and it is achieved by ensuring that conditions exist in which people can remain healthy the feature that distinguishes public health nursing from other specialties - The focus on populations in the community and the emphasis on health protection, health promotion, and disease prevention Population definition - A collection of individuals who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics The term population may be used interchangeably with what term? - aggregate Subpopulation definition - Subsets of the population who share similar characteristics - For example, people older than 65 years who live in a residential home would be a subpopulation of a larger population of older persons in the community Community definition - People and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and use in common some agencies and institutions and share a physical environment Types of practice: Individual, family, and group focused - - Focus is on providing services to individuals rather than a population, while maintaining an appreciation for the values of the community - Example: Developmental screening tests of children in the Head Start preschool program to evaluate each child Types of practice: Population focused - - Emphasizes health protection, health promotion, and disease prevention of a population -Example: Look at children in the Head Start preschool program to evaluate if the program is achieving its goals primary prevention - both primary care and public health services that are designed to meet the basic needs of people in communities at an affordable cost secondary prevention - services designed to detect and treat disease in the early acute stage tertiary prevention - services designed to limit the progression of disease or disability Current trend is to move more care into community settings and to reduce the number of hospital days for "sick" clients. 2 main reasons: - - Community care is less expensive - Community care is more appealing; people prefer to be at home rather than be treated in a hospital Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 - guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and "lame" individuals; this care tried to regulate the poor as well as to provide [Show More]

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