NR 507 midterm exam question & answers,Score for this quiz: 118 out of 120

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NR 507 midterm exam question & answers. Score for this quiz: 118 out of 120 Question 1 2 / 2 pts The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve? Correct! Va... gus Phrenic Brachial Pectoral Question 2 2 / 2 pts What is the action of urodilatin? Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles. It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles. Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion. Correct! It inhibits salt and water reabsorption. Question 3 2 / 2 pts What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone? Sodium retention Correct! Sodium excretion Water retention Water excretion Question 4 2 / 2 pts Which statement best describes a Schilling test? Correct! Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency Measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolytic anemia Measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for iron deficiency anemia Administration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample to test for folic acid deficiency anemia. Question 5 2 / 2 pts Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother: Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative Correct! Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive Has type A blood and the fetus has type O Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B Question 6 2 / 2 pts Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma? Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes Correct! CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes Memory T lymphocytes Question 7 2 / 2 pts Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where? Prefrontal cortex Anterior pituitary Correct! Limbic system Hypothalamus Question 8 2 / 2 pts Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an): Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person Correct! Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens Question 9 2 / 2 pts It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding? Cancer is confined to the organ of origin. Cancer has spread to regional structures. Correct! Cancer is locally invasive. Cancer has spread to distant sites Question 10 2 / 2 pts An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Atrial septal defect (ASD) Correct! Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Question 11 2 / 2 pts Which statement concerning exotoxins is true? Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria. Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades. Correct! Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. Exotoxins are proteins released during bacterial growth. The other options are not true of exotoxins. Question 12 2 / 2 pts The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? Correct! Right-to-left blood shunting Left-to-right blood shunting Blood flow from the umbilical cord Blood flow to the lungs Question 13 2 / 2 pts Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man? Ligase chain reaction (LCR) Correct! Gram-stain technique Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA testing Question 14 2 / 2 pts Which manifestations of vasoocclusive crisis are associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) in infants? Atelectasis and pneumonia Correct! Edema of the hands and feet Stasis ulcers of the hands, ankles, and feet Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly Question 15 2 / 2 pts Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? The resulting pain is severe. Benign tumors are not encapsulated. Benign tumors are fast growing. Correct! The cells are well-differentiated. Question 16 2 / 2 pts Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? The immune response is similar each time it is activated. Correct! The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. The response to a specific pathogen is short term. The response is innate, rather than acquired. Question 17 2 / 2 pts Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child? Parental history of asthma Serum testing that confirms increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil levels Correct! Reduced expiratory flow rates confirmed by spirometry testing Improvement on a trial of asthma medication Question 18 0 / 2 pts Where are antibodies produced? Helper T lymphocytes Thymus gland Correct Answer Plasma cells You Answered Bone marrow Question 19 2 / 2 pts How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness? 75 to 100 ml 100 to 150 ml Correct! 250 to 300 ml 350 to 400 ml Question 20 2 / 2 pts Which disorder results in decreased erythrocytes and platelets with changes in leukocytes and has clinical manifestations of pallor, fatigue, petechiae, purpura, bleeding, and fever? Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Correct! Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) Question 21 2 / 2 pts Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? Cells have broken through the local basement membrane. Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue. Correct! Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells. Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia. Question 22 2 / 2 pts What is the life span of platelets (in days)? Correct! 10 30 90 120 Question 23 2 / 2 pts What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? Immature immune system Small alveoli Correct! Surfactant deficiency Anemia Question 24 2 / 2 pts What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)? 20 to 30 60 to 90 Correct! 100 to 120 200 to 240 Question 25 2 / 2 pts Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure? Capillary hydrostatic Interstitial hydrostatic Correct! Plasma oncotic Interstitial oncotic Question 26 2 / 2 pts Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life? Correct! Monocytes Platelets Neutrophils Lymphocytes Question 27 2 / 2 pts Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? Adrenal cortex Correct! Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Limbic system Question 28 2 / 2 pts Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms? Correct! Bacteria Fungi Viruses Yeasts Question 29 2 / 2 pts What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion? Macula densa Visceral epithelium Correct! Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) Filtration slits Question 30 2 / 2 pts The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they are born between how many weeks of gestation? 16 and 20 20 and 24 24 and 30 Correct! 30 and 36 Question 31 2 / 2 pts What is the functional unit of the kidney called? Glomerulus Correct! Nephron Collecting duct Pyramid Question 32 2 / 2 pts Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted? A Correct! B C D Question 33 2 / 2 pts Which statement is true concerning the IgM? Correct! IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. IgM mediates many common allergic responses. IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins. IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta. Question 34 2 / 2 pts Apoptosis is a(an): Correct! Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia Question 35 2 / 2 pts What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)? Deficit of interleukin (IL)–1 and an excess of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) Deficit of IL-6 and an excess of IL-2, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) Correct! Deficit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α Deficit of IL-3 and an excess of IL-14, IL-24, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) Question 36 2 / 2 pts Research supports the premise that exercise has a probable impact on reducing the risk of which cancer? Liver Endometrial Stomach Correct! Colon Question 37 2 / 2 pts Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? Correct! Infants are obligatory nose breathers. Their noses are small in diameter. Infants become dehydrated when mouth breathing. Their epiglottis is proportionally greater than the epiglottis of an adult’s. Question 38 2 / 2 pts Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur? 0 and 1 Correct! 2 and 4 5 and 6 6 and 7 Question 39 2 / 2 pts In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial-to-complete absence of T-cell immunity? Bruton disease Correct! DiGeorge syndrome Reticular dysgenesis Adenosine deaminase deficiency Question 40 2 / 2 pts Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the: Vagus nerve Correct! Sympathetic nervous system Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Question 41 2 / 2 pts An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? IgG IgM Correct! IgA IgE Question 42 2 / 2 pts Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs? Perfusion Correct! Ventilation Respiration Diffusion Question 43 2 / 2 pts What is the first stage in the infectious process? Invasion Correct! Colonization Spread Multiplication Question 44 2 / 2 pts What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload? Glomerular filtration Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Increased heart rate Correct! Compensatory hypertrophy Question 45 2 / 2 pts Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome? Coarctation of the aorta (COA) and pulmonary stenosis (PS) Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus Atrial septal defect (ASD) and dextrocardia Correct! Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Question 46 2 / 2 pts What is the trigone? A smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter The inner mucosal lining of the kidneys Correct! A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra One of the three divisions of the loop of Henle Question 47 2 / 2 pts The coronary ostia are located in the: Left ventricle Aortic valve Coronary sinus Correct! Aorta Question 48 2 / 2 pts What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? Low birth weight Alcohol consumption during pregnancy Correct! Premature birth Smoking during pregnancy Question 49 2 / 2 pts The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location? Correct! Bones Brain Bladder Kidney Question 50 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia? Iron deficiency Correct! Pernicious Sideroblastic Hemolytic Question 51 2 / 2 pts The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? Correct! Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries Diffusion rate in the renal cortex Diffusion rate in the renal medulla Glomerular active transport Question 52 2 / 2 pts In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a: Basal cell Target cell Caretaker gene Correct! Proto-oncogene Question 53 2 / 2 pts What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)? Decreased dietary intake Correct! Chronic blood loss Vitamin deficiency Autoimmune disease Question 54 2 / 2 pts What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates? Stimulates antidiuretic hormones. Inhibits antidiuretic hormones. Stimulates renin and aldosterone. Correct! Inhibits renin and aldosterone. Question 55 2 / 2 pts What is the major concern regarding the treatment of gonococci infections? Correct! Development of antibiotic resistance Changes in virulence Changes in pathogenicity Mutations into different strains Question 56 2 / 2 pts Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction? Correct! I II III IV Question 57 2 / 2 pts Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? Correct! IL–1 and IL-6 IL-2 and TNF-α IFN and IL-12 TNF-ß and IL-4 Question 58 2 / 2 pts What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonococci infections in men? Epididymis Lymph nodes Correct! Urethra Prostate Question 59 2 / 2 pts Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures result in which disorder? Mitral regurgitation Mitral stenosis Correct! Pulmonary edema Jugular vein distention Question 60 2 / 2 pts Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge? Trachea Left lung Correct! Bronchus Bronchioles [Show More]

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