Program Management Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 5th Edition,100% CORRECT

Document Content and Description Below

Program Management Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 5th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following best describes the steps in program ma... nagement? a. Assess, plan, implement, evaluate b. Identify, initiate, implement c. Organize, operationalize, mobilize, subsidize d. Substantiate, negotiate, evaluate ANS: A The program management process is similar to the nursing process. Program management consists of assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating a program. The other steps are not part of program management. The process of program management, like the nursing process, consists of a rational decision-making system to help nurses determine the complete process of program development, implementation, and evaluation. 2. Which of the following best describes the ultimate goal of program planning? a. Avoid unanticipated conflicts in the program development phase. b. Provide adequate funding to meet the program’s resource requirements. c. Ensure that health care services are acceptable, equal, effective, and efficient. d. Prevent unnecessary duplication of services. ANS: C N R I G B.C M The comprehensive goal of proUgraSm pNlannTing is tOo ensure that health care services are acceptable, equal, efficient, and effective. The other options are aspects of program planning, but they address only limited concerns. 3. Which of the following best describes the purpose of strategic planning? a. To anticipate client needs now and in the future b. To match client needs, provider strengths, and agency resources c. To maximize effective use of agency resources d. To utilize provider strengths and competencies ANS: B Strategic planning involves the successful matching of client needs, with specific provider strengths and competencies and agency resources. Everyone involved can anticipate what will be needed to implement the program, what will occur during implementation, and what the outcomes will be. Strategic planning addresses the client, agency, and provider. The other responses address only one of these factors not all three of them which all need to be considered during the strategic planning process. 4. Which would be an appropriate descriptor that meets all criteria for defining a client to be served by a program? a. All women ages 40 to 50 who have not had a menstrual period for 3 consecutive months b. Immigrants residing in Central County for less than 5 years who have difficulty understanding care instructions because of limited English proficiency c. Pregnant women who have received nutritional counseling but whose nutritional status did not improve d. Children ages 18 months to 5 years old who have been treated for nutritional deficiencies at the Central County Clinic ANS: B The client should be defined by biological and psychosocial characteristics, by geographic location, and by the problems to be addressed. For example, in a community with a large number of preschool children who require immunizations to enter school, the client population may be described as all children between 4 and 6 years of age residing in Central County who have not had up-to-date immunizations. This example tells the reader who the client is, what the need is, how large the population is, and where they are located. In order to meet all criteria for defining a client that is to be served by the program, information about the biological and psychosocial characteristics, geographical location, and the problems addressed needs to be included. The incorrect responses do not contain all of this necessary information. 5. After completing a needs assessment, the nurse is confident that he has identified the highest priority health programming need within the community. He presents his ideas at a community interest meeting, and the attendees show essentially no interest in being involved. Knowing that the health problem must be addressed he proceeds with implementation as planned. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of the program? a. Community members will become increasingly positive about the new program. b. Others will recognize the importance of the program and become involved. c. The public health agency will both publicize and expand the program. d. The program will fail because of the community’s lack of interest. ANS: D N R I G B.C M Perspectives on the program, oUr wShat NpeoTple thinOk about the need for a program, might differ among health providers, agency administrators, policymakers, and potential clients. These groups are considered the stakeholders in the program. Collecting data on the opinions and attitudes of all persons, whether directly or indirectly involved with the program, is necessary to determine if the program is feasible, if there is a need to redefine the problems, or if a new program should be developed or an existing program expanded or modified. If a new or changed program is to be successful, it must not only be available, but also be accessible and acceptable to the people who will use it. If community members do not accept the programming, it is unlikely that they will become increasingly positive about it or invite others to become involved. The public health agency could attempt to publicize and expand the program, but without the acceptance of the community it will most likely fail. 6. A nurse is assessing a community to determine the feasibility of implementing a new program on bike safety for youth in the community. Which of the following aspects should the nurse investigate to make this determination? a. Whether the community, especially agency clients, desire a program b. Whether local politicians support the agency’s idea for a program c. Whether agency professionals think a program is needed d. Whether all involved support the need for such a program ANS: D Feasibility means the program’s viability, practicality, achievability, or likelihood of success. Everyone involved must be supportive for a program to succeed. What people think about the need for a program, or program feasibility, might differ among health providers, agency administrators, policymakers, and potential clients. Thus, it is important to get all who are involved to support the program. 7. A community is examining which programs are needed within the community, the populations they will target, and how they will be funded. Which of the following would be the least risky decision for the community to make? a. Choose whichever option is the least expensive of agency resources. b. Choose to do nothing. c. Choose whatever the agency administration prefers. d. Choose whatever the majority of clients prefer. ANS: B A “do nothing” decision is always the decision with the least risk to the provider. The need and demand for a program are determined by working with the client. This stage of planning creates options for solving the problem and considers several solutions. Each option for program solution is examined for its uncertainties (risks) and consequences. 8. A nurse checks health department records to compare the number of new teen clients presenting for birth control counseling and management in the 2 months before and after an education intervention program to decrease teen pregnancy. Which of the following steps of the evaluation process is being completed by the nurse? a. Engage stakeholders b. Justify conclusions c. Gather credible evidenceN R I G B.C M d. Focus on the evaluation design ANS: C When the nurse gathers credible evidence, the following information is collected: indicators that will be used, sources of data, quality of the data, quantity of information to be gathered, and the logistics of the data gathering phase. Data gathered should provide credible evidence and should convey a well-rounded view of the program. Engaging stakeholders includes those who are involved in planning, funding, and implementing the program; those who are affected by the program; and the intended users of its services. When the nurse justifies conclusions, the conclusions of the evaluation should be validated by linking them to the evidence gathered and then appraising them against the values or standards set by the stakeholders. When focusing on the evaluation design, the nurse will describe the purpose for the evaluation, the users who will receive the report, how it will be used, the questions and methods to be used, and any necessary agreements. 9. A nurse is planning a program to teach cardiac health at the senior citizens center. Which of the following is an effectively written objective for the program? a. By the end of the program each participant will report walking at least 30 minutes a day at least 5 days each week. b. By the end of the program each participant will voice a commitment to walk at least 30 minutes a day. c. By the end of the program each participant will understand the need for physical exercise. d. Each participant will voice a commitment to engage in physical exercise each day. ANS: A Useful program objectives must include a statement of the specific behaviors desired, using an action verb that can be seen and measured. Only “will report walking 30 minutes a day at least 5 days each week” has a specific outcome action that can be seen and measured. Voicing a commitment is not an outcome action; it is only a verbal agreement. The verb understand is not an action verb that can be seen and measured. 10. The nurse contacts participants who completed an educational program on breast self-examinations to see whether they have any questions and to determine whether they are doing breast self-examinations. Which of the following types of evaluation is being implemented by the nurse? a. Final evaluation b. Formative evaluation c. Goal evaluation d. Summative evaluation ANS: D Summative evaluation assesses program outcomes after the program is completed. Formative evaluation occurs on an ongoing basis while the program exists. Goal evaluation and final evaluation are not types of formal evaluation that are addressed in the textbook. 11. A nurse is completing a summative evaluation of a program designed to decrease obesity in school-age children. Which of the following is the most important question for the nurse to ask? a. Are school-age children satisfied with the program? b. Can parents and guardianNs UsuRpSpoIrtNthGeTpBro.grCamOMrequirements? c. Has obesity in school-age children decreased? d. What is the program cost compared with the program benefit? ANS: C Summative evaluation looks at the end result of the program. The major benefit of program evaluation is that it shows whether the program is meeting its purpose. It should answer the following questions: Are the needs for which the program was designed being met? Are the problems it was designed to solve being solved? If the program does not achieve the purpose for which it is designed, important concerns of satisfaction and cost are irrelevant. So if the program purpose is to decrease obesity, the outcome of importance is a decrease in obesity. Formative evaluation serves the purspoe of assessing if objectives are met or if planned activities are completed. This type of evaluation begins with an assessment of the need for a program and is ongoing as the program is implemented. The considerations of satisfaction, support, and cost are all issues that could be addressed in planning and ongoing assessment of the program. 12. Evaluation is under way for a statewide program to decrease teen injury and death associated with teens who drive while under the influence of alcohol. Which of the following questions would best be used for the summative evaluation of the program? a. Are program participants continuing to attend the programs, and do their satisfaction scores indicate that they are pleased with the program? b. How do statistics for injuries and deaths associated with drunk driving compare for teens in the year following the program? c. How does the amount of alcohol intake by teens compare before and after participants enter into the program? d. What problems are identified as the program is implemented? ANS: B Summative evaluation is evaluation to assess program outcomes or as a follow-up of the results of the program activities. The goal is addressed in the question about statistics. Two of the options are examples of questions used for formative evaluation (satisfaction and problems with program implementation). The goal was not to decrease drinking of alcohol but to decrease driving when drinking alcohol. 13. A committee concludes that a program’s objectives were met and that activities received positive ratings from the community; yet the program will be discontinued because cost was triple the amount anticipated. Which of the following program evaluation measures created a problem? a. Adequacy b. Effectiveness c. Impact d. Sustainability ANS: D The aspect of program evaluation is sustainability—enough resources (usually money) to continue the program. Otheraspects of program evaluation include: adequacy — program addresses the extent of the need; effectiveness — ability to meet program objectives and the results of program efforts; impact —l ong-term changes in the client population. 14. Based on projected increases in the number of older US citizens, a planning committee wants to establish a day care prograNmUfRorSthIeNcGomTmBu.nCityO’Ms older adult population. During which stage is the need for this program being assessed? a. Inactive stage b. Interactive stage c. Preactive stage d. Reactive stage ANS: C The preactive stage is one in which assessment is based on the projection of a future need. The stages that are not being described are: reactive — defining the problem based on past needs identified by the client or the agency; inactive — defining the problem based on the existing health status of the population to be served; and interactive — describing the problem using past and present data to project future population needs. 15. Which of the following methods would be the most interactive approach to assessing a community’s need? a. Define needs based on the current health status of the community. b. Examine past needs as identified by the agency as well as the community. c. Project future needs based on current trends. d. Use past and current data to project future needs. ANS: D The interactive approach to assessing the needs of the community includes describing the problem using past and present data to project future population needs. Projecting a future need describes the preactive stage. The reactive stage defines the problem based on past needs identified by the client or the agency. The inactive stage involves defining the problem based on the existing health status of the population to be served. 16. A committee of health care professionals would like to establish a countywide program to improve Hispanic immigrant access to culturally competent health care services. Which of the following persons would be most helpful as a key informant? a. Hospital administrator b. Hispanic community leader c. National expert on cultural competency d. Politician or county official ANS: B Key informants are leaders in the community who are knowledgeable about community needs. In this scenario, the Hispanic leader most likely knows more about the needs of the Hispanic community than the others listed. The hospital administrator, national expert on cultural competency, and politician are most likely not as knowledgeable about this immigrant population as the Hispanic community leader. 17. A nurse is conducting a needs assessment but has a limited budget. Which of the following data sources would the nurse most likely eliminate? a. Community forums b. Examination of community indicators c. Focus groups d. Surveys ANS: D NURSINGTB.COM Surveys tend to be expensive when compared with other methods; therefore the nurse would want to consider other options if on a limited budget. Focus groups, community forums, and examination of community indicators are all low cost; however, they can all be time consuming. 18. A nurse is conducting program evaluation. Which of the following would be the first action the nurse would take? a. Choose the type of evaluation to be done b. Determine who will be involved in the evaluation c. Identify the goal and objectives for the evaluation d. Obtain answers to specific questions related to the program being evaluated ANS: A To do a program evaluation, first choose the type of evaluation you wish to do. After the type of evaluation to be done has been chosen, the nurse will identify the goal and objectives for evaluation, decide who will be involved in the evaluation, and finally, answer the questions related to the type of evaluation. 19. Which of the following programs demonstrates the use of tertiary prevention? a. Developing an in-school clinic that provides birth control counseling and contraception b. Providing a diabetes management program for persons with diabetes mellitus c. Providing cardiovascular fitness evaluations at annual health fairs d. Setting up free blood pressure screenings at popular department stores and supermarkets ANS: B The aim of tertiary prevention programs is to reduce complications from disease. Persons with diabetes mellitus already have the disease thus meaning that tertiary prevention would be implemented with this population. Developing an in-school clinic is a primary prevention (pregnancy has not occurred). Fitness evaluations at health fairs and blood pressure screenings are secondary prevention programs (screening identifies conditions early and determines incidence/prevalence). MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following are elements of the MAPP (Mobilizing for Action Through Planning and Partnership) Program Planning Model? (Select all that apply.) a. Generate shared visions and common values. b. Assess priorities in health problems. c. Develop a framework for long-range planning. d. Choose health priorities. ANS: A, C The elements of MAPP include mobilizing community members and organizations, generating shared visions and common values; developing a framework for long-range planning; conducting needs assessments in four areas: community strengths, local public health system, community health status, and focus of change; and implementing the plan. Assessing priorities in healthNproRblemIs aGnd Bch.ooCsinMg health priorities are part of other program planning models. [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 13 pages