NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Exam. Score 58/60 = 96.7%. Chamberlain College of Nursing

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NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Exam 2022 (A Grade) – Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 507 Week 4 Midterm 58/60 = 96.7% The coronary ostia are located in the: (Points : 2)         Left ven... tricle
        Aortic valve
        Coronary sinus
        Aorta Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge? (Points : 2)         Trachea
        Left lung
        Bronchus
        Bronchioles Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction? (Points : 2)         IgA
        IgE
        IgG
        IgM Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an): (Points : 2)         Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
        Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
        Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
        Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens What is the final stage of the infectious process? (Points : 2)         Colonization
        Invasion
        Multiplication
        Spread 1. Colonization 2. Invasion 3. Multiply 4. spread The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? (Points : 2)         Right-to-left blood shunting
        Left-to-right blood shunting
        Blood flow from the umbilical cord
        Blood flow to the lungs It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding? (Points : 2)         Cancer is confined to the organ of origin.
        Cancer has spread to regional structures.
        Cancer is locally invasive.
        Cancer has spread to distant sites What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? (Points : 2)         Consolidation
        Pulmonary edema
        Atelectasis
        Bronchiolar plugging Which statement is true concerning the IgM? (Points : 2)         IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen.
        IgM mediates many common allergic responses.
        IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins.
        IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta. Apoptosis is a(an): (Points : 2)         Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive 
        Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb
        Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene
        Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? (Points : 2)         The resulting pain is severe.
        Benign tumors are not encapsulated.
        Benign tumors are fast growing.
        The cells are well-differentiated. Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations? (Points : 2)         PRS
        QRS
        QT interval
        P Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection? (Points : 2)         Staphylococcus aureus
        Clostridium perfringens
        Helicobacter pylori
        Treponema pallidum Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? (Points : 2)         Adrenal cortex
        Hypothalamus
        Anterior pituitary
        Limbic system What is the role of caretaker genes? (Points : 2)         Maintenance of genomic integrity
        Proliferation of cancer cells
        Secretion of growth factors
        Restoration of normal tissue structure Where are antibodies produced? (Points : 2)         Helper T lymphocytes
        Thymus gland
        Plasma cells
        Bone marrow The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve? (Points : 2)         Vagus
        Phrenic
        Brachial
        Pectoral What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? (Points : 2)         Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
        Bounding pulse felt on palpation
        Cyanosis observed on excretion
        Murmur heard on auscultation What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? (Points : 2)         Immature immune system
        Small alveoli
        Surfactant deficiency
        Anemia What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia? (Points : 2)         Hypotension
        Hyperesthesia
        Hypoxia
        Ischemia Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized? (Points : 2)         Dysplasia
        Hyperplasia
        Myoplasia
        Anaplasia Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia? (Points : 2)         Iron deficiency
        Pernicious
        Sideroblastic
        Hemolytic How is most carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood transported? (Points : 2)         Attached to oxygen
        In the form of bicarbonate
        Combined with albumin
        Dissolved in the plasma
 Question 24.24. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? (Points : 2)         IgM
        IgG
        IgE
        IgA
 Question 25.25. An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? (Points : 2)         IgG
        IgM
        IgA
        IgE
 Question 26.26. Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? (Points : 2)         Retropharyngeal abscess
        Laryngospasms
        Rupturing of the tonsils
        Gagging induced aspiration
 Question 27.27. Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man? (Points : 2)         Ligase chain reaction (LCR)
        Gram-stain technique
        Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
        DNA testing
 Question 28.28. Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? (Points : 2)         The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
        The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
        The response to a specific pathogen is short term.
        The response is innate, rather than acquired.
 Question 29.29. When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds? (Points : 2)         Left lung
        Right lung
        Trachea
        Carina
 Question 30.30. What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonococci infections in men? (Points : 2)         Epididymis
        Lymph nodes
        Urethra
        Prostate
 Question 31.31. Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function? (Points : 2)         Iron
        Zinc
        Iodine
        Magnesium
 Question 32.32. An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? (Points : 2)         Atrial septal defect (ASD)
        Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
        Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
        Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
 Question 33.33. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells? (Points : 2)         Lying on their left side
        Performing the Valsalva maneuver
        Squatting
        Hyperventilating
 Question 34.34. In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a: (Points : 2)         Basal cell
        Target cell
        Caretaker gene
        Proto-oncogene
 Question 35.35. Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because of an infant’s: (Points : 2)         High body surface–to–body size ratio
        Slow metabolic rate
        Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses
        Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
 Question 36.36. A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of the following? (Points : 2)         No antigens
        No antibodies
        Both A and B antigens
        Both A and B antibodies
 Question 37.37. Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? (Points : 2)         Passive-acquired immunity
        Active-acquired immunity
        Passive-innate immunity
        Active-innate immunity
 Question 38.38. Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia? (Points : 2)         Aplastic
        Sideroblastic
        Anemia of chronic disease
        Iron deficiency
 Question 39.39. How is most of the oxygen in the blood transported? (Points : 2)         Dissolved in plasma
        Bound to hemoglobin
        In the form of carbon dioxide (CO2)
        Bound to protein
 Question 40.40. What is the action of urodilatin? (Points : 2)         Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles.
        It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles.
        Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion.
        It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.
 Question 41.41. What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? (Points : 2)         Low birth weight
        Alcohol consumption during pregnancy
        Premature birth
        Smoking during pregnancy
 Question 42.42. What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children? (Points : 2)         Folic acid deficiency
        Iron deficiency
        Hemoglobin abnormality
        Erythrocyte abnormality
 Question 43.43. What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)? (Points : 2)         Deficit of interleukin (IL)–1 and an excess of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-alpha (IFN-
        Deficit of IL-6 and an excess of IL-2, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
        Deficit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-
        Deficit of IL-3 and an excess of IL-14, IL-24, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
 Question 44.44. Which manifestations of vasoocclusive crisis are associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) in infants? (Points : 2)         Atelectasis and pneumonia
        Edema of the hands and feet
        Stasis ulcers of the hands, ankles, and feet
        Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
 Question 45.45. What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload? (Points : 2)         Glomerular filtration
        Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
        Increased heart rate
        Compensatory hypertrophy
 Question 46.46. What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone? (Points : 2)         Sodium retention
        Sodium excretion
        Water retention
        Water excretion
 Question 47.47. Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth muscles cells, thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate? (Points : 2)         Principle cells
        Podocin cells
        Mesangial cells
        Intercalated cells
 Question 48.48. Research supports the premise that exercise has a probable impact on reducing the risk of which cancer? (Points : 2)         Liver
        Endometrial
        Stomach
        Colon
 Question 49.49. What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates? (Points : 2)         Stimulates antidiuretic hormones.
        Inhibits antidiuretic hormones.
        Stimulates renin and aldosterone.
        Inhibits renin and aldosterone.
 Question 50.50. Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma? (Points : 2)         Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes
        CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
        CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes
        Memory T lymphocytes
 Question 51.51. In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial-to-complete absence of T-cell immunity? (Points : 2)         Bruton disease
        DiGeorge syndrome
        Reticular dysgenesis
        Adenosine deaminase deficiency What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells? (Points : 2)         1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell)
        1:2 (one  capillary per two muscle cells)
        1:4 (one  capillary per four muscle cells)
        1:10 (one  capillary per ten muscle cells)
 Question 53.53. The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location? (Points : 2)         Bones
        Brain
        Bladder
        Kidney
 Question 54.54. Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why? (Points : 2)         The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood.
        The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or afterload of the heart.
        The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung, which has a low pressure.
        The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation.
 Question 55.55. The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the: (Points : 2)         Proximal convoluted tubules
        Distal tubules
        Ascending loop of Henle
        Descending loop of Henle
 Question 56.56. How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved? (Points : 2)         126 mg/dl
        150 mg/dl
        180 mg/dl
        200 mg/dl
 Question 57.57. Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? (Points : 2)         IL–1 and IL-6
        IL-2 and TNF-
        IFN and IL-12
        TNF-ß and IL-4
 Question 58.58. Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys? (Points : 2)         Antidiuretic hormone
        Aldosterone
        Erythropoietin
        Angiotensinogen
 Question 59.59. What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow? (Points : 2)         Exercise and body position activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.
        They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.
        Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.
        They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.
 Question 60.60. The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? (Points : 2)         Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
        Diffusion rate in the renal cortex
        Diffusion rate in the renal medulla
        Glomerular active transport [Show More]

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